A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
, Mukesh
- Measurement of Consumption Inequality of Cereals in Major States of India
Authors
1 Coordination and Publication Division, National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, IN
2 Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, New Delhi, IN
3 India Statistical Strengthening Project, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, IN
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 38, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 01-29Abstract
Studying inequalities of income and consumption is a prerequisite for developing framework for narrowing them and achieving equitable and sustainable growth. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the inequality of cereal consumption which persists in the major States between different consumption segments. Per capita consumption of cereals as a whole, as well as rice, wheat and coarse grain has been studied, separately making use of unit level data of the latest consumer expenditure survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office, Government of India during the year 2011-2012. The ratios of per capita consumption of the richest households (top 10 per cent) with households belonging to the ‘poorest’ (10 per cent), the ‘poor’ (30 per cent) and the ‘less advantaged half’ (50 per cent) have been taken as a measure of consumption inequality. The study reveals that inequality, in terms of consumption of rice and wheat, exists in almost all major States in rural areas. The extent of inequality decreases as the base of the bottom population increases. The urban areas have either low levels of inequality or even reverse inequality of cereal consumption. Most of rural India has not been able to achieve equality of cereal consumption, despite focused nutrition intervention of targeted PDS.
Keywords
Per Capita, Cereal, Consumption, Inequality, Decile Class.References
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- Household Expenditure Pattern on School Education in India: Evidence from NSSO Data
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Economics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Lalpur, Purulia 723130, West Bengal, (formerly with A N Sinha Institute of Social Studies, Patna, Bihar), IN
2 Director, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, New Delhi 110003, IN
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 64, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 34-56Abstract
This paper is an attempt to study the pattern of the household expenditure in school education in India. Three age groups are considered for the analysis: Primary school age group (5-10 years), Upper Primary school age group (11- 14 years) and Secondary and Higher Secondary school age group (15-18 Years). Using NSSO 71st (2014) round unit level data, it is found that there is: (a) higher average household expenditure in urban area than that of rural, (b) substantial gap in average expenditure for male and female students and (c) average household expenditure is higher in the developed states. The major components of household expenditure for all the age groups are course fee; and expenditure on books, stationary and uniform at all India level. The percentage share of private coaching becomes higher while moving to higher age groups. The elasticity of substitution is estimated separately for religion, caste and state specific at different age level as mentioned above. It is found that a household is ready to spend more than one per cent due to one per cent change in household consumption expenditure for all states, religions and social groups. The values of the estimated coefficients become less from age group 5-10 to the age group 15-18 in most cases. This implies that guardians do not want to give up the opportunity cost to be spent on their children. This suggest that government should invest more in education sector to attract more household expenditure on education as households positively respond to the change in consumption expenditure.Keywords
No keywordsReferences
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